Means for shearing tubular members



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Filed Jan. 19, 1924 l l 1927 Ju y 2 w. F. AMBER@ MEANS FOR SHEARING TUBULAR MEMBERS Q 10 Skee'ts-Sheet 9 l Filed Jan. 19, 1924 .uy i2 "192K M VV. F. AMEERG ,MEANS Fon SHEARING TUBULAR MEMBERS Filed Jan. 19, 1924 lO Sheets-Sheet lO Patented July 12, 1927.

UNITED- STATES PATENT caries.

WALTER E. AMBERG, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSAGNOE TD 'WLLTAM (E. PETERSN AND BERNARD L. ENGELKE, BOTH OF GHICG-Q, ILLINOIS.

MEANS FOR 'SHEARING T'UBULAR MEMBERS.

Application le January 19, 1924. Sera No. 687,321.

My invention,.which is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 378,148, filed May 1, 1920, relates to machines by means of which tubular members may be transversely sheared along planes or lines ot separation Without Wasting any of the metal or other material of Which the tubular members may be composed.

Moreover, my invention pertains to means for transversely shearing the Walls of tubular members, such as metal pipes and the like, whereby the adjacentand opposed surfaces oi separation between the severed portions of the Walls of the tubular member are smooth andeven andlie on substantially the same plane surface, 'thereby producing a clean cut.

In the art of metal Working, it has heretofore been substantially impossible to transversely shear a tube, and particularly a Acircular' metal tube, along a plane or vline of separation. This diiliculty is particularly met with when endeavor-ing to sever a circa-- lar tubular member along a predetermined circumference and With smooth and even surfaces of separation-which diiiiculty is greatly increased when endeavoring to shear Without distortion, a thin-Walled tubular member, such as a standard pipe provided with a tliin wall but having a relatively large diameter. Of course, it is well known that tubular members, generally circular tubul-ar members, may be severed, without distorting the wall, by placing them in a lathe and operating upon them with a cuttinglathe tool. In this instance, tubular members are severed in twain by removing the metal comprised in a cylinderof separation -in lieu of severing them, by a clean cut, along a circumference of separation and without removing and Wasting any of the material, such as 1 accomplish by my present invention. 1n the art of metal Working. the foregoing method of severing a tube by. means of operating upon it with a lathe cutting tool is known as cutting The term shearing in the art of metal Working is universally recognized as indieating that the material being operated upon is severed as the result of overcoming the molecular adhesion of the adjacent particles constituting the material. Shearin therefore, is accomplished by fracturing t e meml ber being operated upon. In addition thereto, the term shearing implies that the separation of the material constituting the inember bemg severed is accomplished Without removing any of such material to eect sepa.- ration. By means of my invention such a. fracture which is designated in the art as shearing may be accomplished, Without any resultant distortion, along an even plane surface that is indicative of the lit-.e of separation, thereby resulting in the production of a clean cut.

An object of my invention is te provide means for shearing the walt of a tabular member Without distortion which will eti'ect an even and regular separation thereofalong a line of separation or, if a circular tubular member, Valong a circumference of separation, without removing any of the 4materiai of which said member may be composed. Moreover, the shearing of the tubular member is effected along a plane surface whereby the adjacent and opposed surfaces of the severed portions of the tubular member regular and `smooth thereby indicating clean cut. My present invention is particularly adapted to sever circular tubular members having thin Walls and of relatively large diameters, but it is to be understood that my present invention is not limited to' operate on tubular members having these characteristics only.

Another. object of my invention is to provide means orshearing tubular members in twain, and particularly metallic circuiar tubular members, in an economical and expeditious manner without wasting the material s or distorting the walls which constitute the tube. It is to be understood that,at all times, 1 secure a clean cut as long as the elements comprising my machine are maintained in such a state of repair as is required of ali machine tools. By means of the machine of my presentinvention, which I have herein shown and described, many diiierent sizes types of tubular members having walls of various thicknesses and of a variety of diameters may be operated upon without requiring anyextensive adjustments or the exercise of more than ordinary supervision and skiil.

Again, by my present invention l am able to shear tubular members and particularly metal pipes and the like, along predetermined lines or planes of separation, and in a superior manner, with more expedition and economy than has heretofore been possible.

Further objects of my invention comprise i novel. menne ior feeding ond tobim;P while in the tube i te..

t the er tpe nini the elmrnebnietie tentures of my inrei'ition r 'ference irony new be had to the 'olionumi iorseription find the aecomin which:

tirol. longiindiiml Sectional olf :i nmehino embodjrimr no.' invention;

5 pi 'on et Fig. l7 enlarged;

. ti o. :iront eltwotiohol View oi. the

o with the eimer plete end certain inerte rrmored;

err nimilnr to tlmt oi' Fig. 3,

a. the riferiti:.driV parte ofi the mitehine in ri choro d pooition;

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j en fl l .i5 te o View oi rio lmoor control volvo 1 honing; the eoror Apitite end handle rien', partly in t". i, showing the lei. en eiilorg motion. ot o, portion of teiten on tiroir, or

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o. iontgitlniiimi sectional "View oit :i med firbor ond reloted ports which, fill onder bormio enrolmentbeen, comprise n oi meelmniem .ier the il. sind l ha tbe ehenrit nmebine embodying my Iml'tnnioh und ne here shown moy consist et o, 'traine 3i) upon which e drivtil mounted. il. ily wheel 32 .n'orided on the @hofft oil the driving" mo rl'eh eliart'tmoy."

h turnier trnneniieioo `f gtnrino, 333 to be ohroriiw' ineelmniem nt Si. The Whirb 'o to be eheored ie ptmitioned n `man xine omi moy be red 'if moehniieiri Ain inteent. indieiiled ot o?,

which may be ndgoetzible orbor shown titi r ilndemtziriding of the nature.

l lib mid .tti nre eroe@ sectional views the linen ltr-l5 und iti-16, reopen` W.

nino be eonnoolted mafioso? which element may be longitudinally ed justed and e-ieo expended by the control mechanism et 38.

The power transmission gearing 33 may be ot' :my well known form und its design is dependent upon the speed and power oi' the driving motor 3l. ln the form illustrated in Fig. l, this retiring comprises three stages of speed-reduction gearing et 39, 40 and 4l.

As best shown in Fig. 2, the main supporting traine 3l) ie provided centrally of its .t'ront 'tnee with o large hollow hub 4,2, which io leotened to .the freine as by bolts 43. A housing ett which eneloses mamy of the moving elemento ol the exieriorly shearing meehuniem is provided with si bearing sleeve extension rotatable upon the hub 42. A

normally constantly driven main gear 1G ifs jonrnoled upon the bearing sleeve 1 5 and rou tatoo thereon. its indicated in the drawings, suitable bearing buehinge^` nre provided at 4T und 4S for these rotatable elements.

Two exterior-ly eheoring dies are provided :it i9 und 5U. Theee dies muy eompriseiiat annuur members of hardened steel, with rentral openings ofi suitable size to receive the tubular member to be shenred. The die 4!) is mounted in a. die holder 5]., which in turn is fixed by bolts 52 to the hub $2. The die 4!) is therefore hold stotionar The die ."io on the other hand, is Supported by u mechanisme, which will hereinafter be deeeribed, which mechanism .initially holds the die 5U in o position to be substantially con centrie with respect to the die 49. Furthermore, thie mechanism, wh.' the honsinr fifi, Serves to look the die agoinst substantially ell angular motion with respect to the axis ot' the tube to be sheared ond yet permits non-rotational movement of the die, truneversely of` the tubular member that. is; being sheered. The mechanism about to be deeoril'ied serves lo more the die 50 into-o position eccentric to the tube to be sheored 'wiiiereby the shearing notion muy be initinted, mid noch mechanism i'lirthor serves: to innmrt :in orbital linovement to the die whereby the shearing action muy he continued around the Woll of the tubular member along o, oireomferentiol line.

lnrtirulor refereert: will now be hed to Mge. 52, 3, t3 und i". The die o() lixed in on mmnler die holder The die holder in turn is fixed within n keeper rings; 54 und held therein by o piurnlity ot' olmrips 55, as shown in Fig. 3. iAThe Clamps 55 serve to hold the die 50 ond die holder firmly against the die 4i).

teh is contained in tienne will now be described whereby the Leanser and the keeper ring 54,.such coupling ring tially at right angles to each other and eX- tending radially from the` Idie. As shown in Fig. 6, the die holder 51 is provided with horizontal keyways slidably engaged by keys 58 formed upon the coupling ring 56. The Vkeeper ring 54is provided'witlivertical eX- tending keyways 459 (see Fig. 7), which are slidably engaged by keys 60 formed upon the face of the coupling ring 56. This arrangement ot' keys and keyvays provides for the non-rotational transverse or orbital movements as above described.

As shown in Figs. 3 and 7, the keeper ring 54 is received between a pair of shoes 6l, which are provided with suitable arcuate bearing surfaces at 62, bearing 'against the periphery of the keeper ring 54.- Each of the shoes may be provided with an oil pocket as at 63, which may be lilled through the opening at 64. The bearing surfaces 62 may be perforated as at 65 to permit the oil to flow from the oil pockets to the bearing surfaces. The housing 44 is interiorly provided with guideways 66, upon which the shoes slide in a vertical direction (when the housing is in the position shown in Fig. 3).

As above stated, the housing 44 is adapted to be rotated and this rotational movement, together with the sliding movement of the slices 6l, permit the keeper ring 54 and die to be given an orbital movement in the manner above described.

VThe mechanism for controlling the sliding' movement of the shoes 61 will now be described.l The shoesaie in normal position as shown in Fig. 3', while in Fig. 4 they are shown in a position assumed while shearing action is taking place. As shown in Fig. 7, the shoes at their lower ends rest upon coil compression springs 67, which are received "in pockets 68 formed in the housing 44.

,These springs serve to urge the shoes in an upward direction, (as viewed in Figs. 3 and 7).

A cam 69 serves to force the keeper ring 54 'and the shoes 6l downwardly atthe desired times. The cam 69 is provided with two arcuate surfaces 70 and 7l, which respectively bear against a shoe 72 and an adi justable wedge block 73. lWhen the cam 69 1s turned from the position shown in Fig.

n respectively engaging 7 to theposition shown in Fig. 4, the die 50 together with the various `parts holding the die, are moved to the eccentric position shown in Fig. 4. The die 50 may be adjusted to the concentric position by varying the height of the wedge block 73. To provide for this adjustment the wedge block 73 is surmounted by a pair oi blocks 74 and 75, which may be drawn together or separated by a screw' 76 having portionswith oppositely directed threads as indicated for the blocks Mend 7 5.

The block 75Ais provided with a tongue portion 77, which is received by a correspondingly grooved portion of the blockA 74. The lower faces of the blocks 74 and 7 5, as well as the upper faces of the block 7 3, are formed at angles, as shown, whereby when the blocks 74 `and 75 are drawn together, the wedge block 73 will be forced downwardly, thus adjusting the cam 69 downwardly against the force of the springs 67. The amount of eccentrcity imparted to the die 50 by the action of the cam 69 may be limited by a set screw 78, which may be threaded into the wall of the housing 44. The set screw 78 limits the travel of the shoe 72 in a manner which will be readilylundersto'od. After the cam 69 has beenactuated and returned again to the position shown in- Fig. 7, the concentric position of the die 50 will be resumed because -of the action of the springs 67.

In order to lubricate the surfaces 70 and I 7l of the cam 69, as well as the bearing sur- `face of the shoe 72 against the keeper ring 54, an oil pocket 79 is provided. This pocket is normally approximately one-half filled with oil and with each revolution of the housing 44 a quantity of oil is discharged through the outlet 8O into an oil line 8l, which entends through the interior of the cam 69 from the outlet 80 to the surface at 7l, then to the surface at 70, 4and finally through the shoe 72 to its bearing surface upon the keeper ring 54. Theoil passage through the shoe 72 may have an elongated opening communicating with the passage through the cam through lthe movement thereof.

The means forractuating the cam 69 will now be described, particular reference being made to Figs. 2, 6 and 10. A cam operating member 82 is pivotally mounted at 83 in the housing 44. This cam operating member is provided with a locking arm 84 (see Fig. 6), which normally Vengages a slot 85in the fixed die holder 51.A The cam operating member is coupled to the cam 69 by a coupling member 86, which is keyed respectively to the cam and to the cam/operating member in a manner very similar to the coupling member 56 above described. The cam operating member` is formed with a keyway 87 which slidably receives the key 88 formed upon the couplinr member. The cam 69 is formed'with a Fig. 7), which is disposed at right'angles Ato the keyvvay 87 and is adapted to receive a key formed upon the coupling member. The'coupling 86 permits the cam operating means to impart rotational movements to the cam even though the position of the cam is adjustable and also regardless of the fact that the center line of the cam operating member may not be concentric to the keyway 89 (see .ies

tit)

'lhc cam operating member 82 is also provided with a cam restoring lug 91 (see Fig. 10), which is adapted to engage hardened steel pins 92 that are fixed adjacent the hub on the main gear 46.

`lSy referring to Figs. 2, 6 and 10, means will now be disclosed for imparting'the rotational movement to the housing 44. The housing 44 is provided with a boss 93 slidably receiving a pin 94 which is adapted to be received in notches as at 95 (see Fig. 10). The notchesl 95 are formed in hardened steel blocks 90, which form inserts in the hub portion of the maingear 40. 'The blocks 9G may be retained againstradial displacement from the hub by means ot' pins, as at 9T. 'lhe use 01:' the steel blocks 96v is desirable since otherwise the cast iron, or other material of which the main gear may be formed, would be liable to wear or breakage at the points engaged bythe pin 94.

When it is desired to rotate the housing 44 to initiate the shearing action, the pin 94 is made to engage one of the notches 95 by means of mechanism which will now be described. The pin 94 is attached by link member 98 (see Fi'g. 6) 'to a bell crank member 99 which is pivoted at 100 to an extension 101 of the housing 44. The eX- tension 101 ee Fig. 3) is bolted as at 102 to the housing 44. This extension is provided with a luc 103 against which the bell crank 99 norma ly rests. A coil spring 104 adjustably fastened to a lug 105, which also is formed on the extension 101, tends to draw the bell crank 99 awayfrom the lug 103, in order to raise the pin 91 into engagement with the notches 95.

However, a pin 106 normally restrains the spring 104 from accomplishin this result. The pin 106 is slidably receive 4Vin a bracket 107, which in turn is bolted upon the frame oi the machine. 'lhe pin 106 is normally urged into its raised positioln'as indicated in Fig. (5, by a spring 108. The pin 100, however, may be depressed 'against the force oi' spring 109 by means oi a toot pedal 109, vrhich is operatively connected to the pin 100 through the link 110 and a bell crank 111 and a pin 112.which act in a manner obvious i'rom an inspection of Fig. 6. Accordingly. when it is desired to initiate the shearing action` the foot pedal 109 is depreffscd, This depresses the pin 100 thus permitting the bell crank 99, as drawn bythe sprl lg 10ft. to slip by this pin. The forml exerted by the spring 104 thereupon raiser: the pin 94 into the next succeeding notch 95 that rotates into position over the pin 94. The main gear 40 normally continuously rotates in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 10.

The operation of the cam G9and the cam operating member 82 may now be described in further detail. When "the operator depresses the foot pedal 109, the entire housing 44 will commence to rotate by reason of the mechanism just described. Now since the cam operating member 82 is lockeol7 by reason of the 'ai-m84 engaging notch S5 (See Fig. 0), the cam operating member will be forced to rotate within its bearing 83 since this bearing will rotate with the housing. 'lhe cam operating member will in this man-- ner rotate until the arm 8 4 is drawn ont of the notch 85 into the position shown by the dotted lines in Figs. 4 and (5. Meanwhile this rotation of the member 82 will have caused a rotation of cam 89 by reason of' the action of the coupling member 86. The rotation of cani 89 as above stated will cause the die to assume an eccentric position whereby the shearing action is initiated.

lhe housing 44 will now continue to rotate through at least one complete revolution, or until the i'oot pedal 109 is again released to ellect the withdrawal of the pin 94 from one of the slots 95.

1When the pin 94 has been withdrawn from a slot 95, the housing will at once come to restl while the main gear 46 continues to rotate. Thereafter the next of the steel pins 92l \\hichpasses beneath the cam restoring arm 91 (see Fig. 10), will cause this restor ing arm to move the cam operating member in a counter-clockwise direction, thus restoringr the cani 69 to its initial position as in Fig. 21. Also the arm 84 will again engage the slot thus locking the cam operating member for its next actuation.

An arrangenlent to compensate for the wear on the bearing sleeve or bushing 47 is provided in the form of a supporting block 113 resting upon a wedge block 114. The supporting` block 113 has an arcuate upper surface 115 which is wedged against the lower side of the fixed die holding member 51. St'rews 116 and 117 passing through the side walls of the housing 44 provide nica-ns for adjustinv' the position of the wedge block 114 and to t ius securely ret-ain the rotatable housing against vibration even though its bearings ma become slightly worn. The supporting b ook 113 is l'ormcd with a tongue that tits into a coi-respondng` groove in the wedge block 114 to prevent sidewis'ic displacement during thela'djusting operation.

The tube 35 which is to be shcared is slid over an arbor member 118 (see Fig. 19) and also over a continuation of the arbor comprising a pipe 119 which is attached by the screw threads at 1201.0 the arbor.

The pipe 119 is supported intermediate its ends by a roller 121 and at its rear end b v the arbor control mechanism at 38. The end oi the pipe adjacent the arbor during the operation ot the machine is supported by the tube to be sheared which in turn is supported in the fixed die 49. When there is no tube in place to be sheared,' the arbor 1.18 .is

suspended by reason of the stiffness of the pipe 119.- A

A pipe supporting roller 121 is rotatably mounted upon arms 122 which are pivotal-ly ,iounted upon a shaft '123. The shaft 123 is mounted in brackets as 124, which in turn are attached to the two side frames 125. The side frames 125 comprise channel beanie extending from the main frame of the machine 30 to the arbor control mechanism 38. The ends of the arms 122 opposite from the roller 121 are formed with weighted portions 126 which tend to swing the roller upwardly to support the pipe 119 or the tube 35 when the pipe is covered thereby at this point. Excessive upward movement of the roller 121 by reason of the action of the weighted portions 126 is prevented by stop lugs 127 formed upon the weighted portions and which will abut against set screws 128 which are adjustably mounted within the brackets 124.

An additional roller 129 is mounted in a frame 130 which in turn is pivoted as at 131 to each of the side frames 125. This roller provides an additional support for the tube 35 when it is of such length that it reaches over this roller. The roller 129 is adjustably held at the proper elevation by af set screw 132 mounted in a bracket 133. To accommodate tubes of various sizes-the set screw 132 is raised or lowered thereby adjusting the supporting roller 129 to the proper elevation. j

The tube feeding mechanism at 36 will now be described. This mechanism permits the machine operator to advance the tube to be sheared to the various positions in order to shear olli the desired lengths. A hand lever 134 is keyed to a rotatable shaft 135, which shaftis journaled in the main fix-.une 30. A pair of levers 136 and 137 are also keyed to the shaft 135. 'The levers 136 and 137 are connected respectively through. links 138 rand 139 to pairs of toggle links 140 and K141. The toggle links in turn are pivotally connected to upper and lower gripping arm members 142 and 143 respectively. The upper gripping arm member 142 is mounted upon a shaft 144 and the lower gripping arm member is mounted upon a shaft 145. The shaft-s 144 and 145 are pivotally mounted in side links 146 and 147.

This whole portion of the mechanism is suspended through a turn buckle connection 148 from a carriage 149 which rides upon a trackway 150. The trackway, as indicated in Fig. 1, is mounted within the main frame 30 and extends in a direction to permit the feeding mechanism to travel back and forth longitudinally of the tube which is being sheared.` When the hand lever 134 is drawnv 'forward as viewed in Fig. 11 a spreading apart of the toggle levers 140 and 141 will result. This spreading action turns the gripping arms upon their pivoting shafts 144 and 145and. causes the fingers as 9115.151 to grip the tube. Further forward movement ofthe hand lever 134 results in a `forward movement of the entire feeding mechanism riding upon the carriage 149 along the track 150, the gripping arms serving at the same time to advance the tube 35 a corresponding amount. A rearward-movement of the lever 134 tends to cause the toggle links 140 and 141 to collapse which results in a spreading of the gripping fingers 151 and the release of the tube 35. Further rear-- ward movement of the lever causes the feednig mechanism to be dra'wn back to its initial position along the trackway 150.

Means will now be described whereby an adjustment of thel spacing of the gripper arms 142 and 143 may be effected to accommodate various sizes 'of tubing. This means comprises segments as at 152 formed at the upper .ends of the links 146 and 147 which segments cooperated with `L egments as at.-

153, which are pivoted upon pins 154. The pins 154, one of which is fixed at each end of the shaft 144 are pivotally mounted in the side links 146 and 147. The segments 153 are furthermore fixed at their lower ends by screws as at 155 to the ends of the shaft 144. 1t will be noted that the pins154 are mounted eccentrically in respect to the shaft 144. Consequently, a rotational movement of the segments 153 in respect to the pins 154 will cause the shaft 144 to rotate eccentrically to the pins 154. Accordingly, by such rotation ot' the segments 153, the eiective distance between shafts 144 and 145, as Well as between the gripping arms, may be adjusted. W'hen such an adjustment hasbeen properly made to provide for a given size of tubing, the segments 153 may be ii'Xed in respect to the segments 152 by-the use of bolts or pins as at 156. These se ents may be both 'provided with a series o openings arranged along the arc of a circle and the bolts or pins 156 may be extended through any corresponding two of these openings which happen to coincide after the adjustment is eected. If none of the corresponding openings on the pairs of segments exactly registers after the adjustment is made, then a slight turn of the segment 153 in either direction will bring two of the openings into the desired relative positions so that the boltsA may be inserted.

In Figs. 8 and 9, a mechanism is shown for gauging thelength of the ortion of the tube which is to be sheared o This. mechanisrn includes a bracket 157 provided with bosses as at 158 through which bolts 159 extend to fix the bracket upon the ring 54. A shaft 160 is pivoted at 161 in the rin 54 and is also journaled A bracket arm 163 is rotatably mounted upon the shaft 160 and carries atl its outer? in the bracket 15 'at 162.

againstlongitudinal movement. -in respect to` the forked extension 198 4by collars 203 and 204 which are pinned to the screw. The

. screw .is threaded into the cross piece 200 EQU and may he longitudinally adjusted therein. By adjusting the screw 199. the p ipe 119 is longitudinally adjusted since this pipe is lixed against longitudinalinoveinent in respect to thc. head piece 197 by collars 205 an 206. which are pinned to the pip-c. Accordingly. thev adjustment 'ot the screw 120 serves to longitudinally adjust the arbor head 115:1 which is lined to the pipe 119. This adjust.- ment serves to ,determinel thev circuml'elintial lineI along which the internal shearing action takes place at the end ol. the arbor head 118. This adjustment ol' the scre\v.199 may hemade fromthe iront ot' themachine by turning the screw 207 (see Fig. 3)'

which is connected to the screw 199 through the medium of various connecting shatts 208 (see Fig. 1), which are suitably journalled and provided with universal joints shown. The above described mechanism comprises the arbor adjusting means.

The means for expanding the arbor head will now be described. An air cylinder 209 is provided with a piston 210 and al toggle mechanism, as shown in Figs. 11, 15 and 16 for longitudinally shifting the above described rod 196 in respect to the pipe`119. A piston rod 211vis pivotally connected at 212 to connecting links 213 and 214. The link 2111is pivotally conncctedwitb a pair or" levers 215 and v216 (see Fig. 16). AA cross'. head 217 rotatably mounted upon the pipe 119 is provided with pintles at 218 and 219, upon which the levers 215 and`216 are respectively pivoted intermediate their ends.

The upper ends of the levers 215 and, 216 are pivoted to a connecting link 220, which in turnis slotted-at 221 intermediate its ends for providing a loose ivotal mounting upon the head piece 197. though rotatably receiving the pipe 1119 is restrained against longitudinal movement thereon by a collar 222 pinned to the pipe 119 and athrust bearing 223 interposed be- 4 tween theI collar and the cross head.

'l`hc link 212-3 pivotally connected to levers 224 and `225, the upper ends ot which are pivoted to link 220. A cross head 226 is pivotally mounted upon vpintles journalled` in the levers 224 and 225 in a manner similar' to the mounting of the cross head 217 above v described. The cross head 226. however. is secured to the rod 196 on a reduced end 227 thereof'by nuts 228 and is furthermore held" in proper alignment by being slidably mounted on pins 229 and 230. 'The/sapins he crosshead 217 al the rear end ot the connecting able manner as by being driven into Open;v i

ings with a tight lit.

'The air cylinder 209 is controlled by a tivo i way valve 231 (see Figs. l1 and 13) which, as shown, is conveniently located at the front portion ot the machine. This valve will permit. air into the cylinder 209 either above or below the piston. as desired. As shown in Fig. 13, the valve may comprise a cylindrical casing 2232 enclosing a rotatable valve member provided with a pair of ports 2311 and 235. The opening 236 may lead to the source of air supplywhile the opening 237 leads to the portion of the cylinder above the piston 210v and the'opening 288 to the lower portion of the cylinder. Openings at 239 andA 240 to the. atmosphere may be provided. vVith lthis valve it will he seen that the source of supply may be directed to either the upper or the lower portions of the cylinder. The.

portion of the cylinder to which air is not heilig admitted Wi'll at the same time bel opened to the atmosphere to permit exhaustion ot any zur pressure therefrom. In this manner air pressure can be controlled to from any suitable supply to flow move the piston 210 either upwardly or downwardly.

As shown in Fig. 14, the piston 210 is at the top of the cylinder 209 which is the position taken when the expander head 191 is drawn into the arbor.I The arbor is then ex'- panded `and in condition for the shearing operation to take place. If air is noiv admitted to the upper portion of the cylinder, the piston ywill travel downwardly and thus .tend to collapse the toggle mechanism above described. bringing the levers 215 and 225 closely together. Since the levers 215 and 225 are pi'votedl at a long {itudinally fixed point in respect vto the pipe 119, the levers 215 and 225, including their pivoting points and the cross head 226, will be drawn toward the front of the machine. This in' turn will move the rod 196 in a direction to release the expander head 191 from its operating position. In order to again replace the eX- pander head in'o'perating position and t0 expand the arbor head. air is admitted to the lovver portion of the cylinder 209,`\vhich rel sults in the expansion of the toggle lever mechanism. This draws the pull rod 196 in a direction to pull the expander head into the arbor.

This mechanism enables the operator to very quickly release the `ermansible"arbor y sizes of the tubing are oftentimes quite pronounced, especially in tubing of large diamlo above described.

i5 illustrated at Q47.

eter. With small tubing, which may'have a more uniform internal diameter, a fixed form of arbor may be employed with good results.

A, form of fixed arbor construction is shown in Fig. and may consist of an arbor head 241 which is secured by nut 242 lo a stud Q43. The stud 243 may be received in a pipe 2li-l corresponding to the pipe 119, Tube supports 245 may be mounted ou 'the pipe 24.4 and spaced apart a desirable distance by a spacer sleeve 246. Means for supporting and longitudinally adjusting the rear end of the pipe 244 are This means is very similar to the form used in connection with the expansible arbor head, alread described and further description thereo is not necessarv. Vhen it is desirable to shear tubes 2O of dil'lerent sizes, then different sizes of fixed arbors are necessary and consequently means are provided for the readyseparation of the fixed arbor from the longitudinally ad]ust ing mechanism, the adjusting mechanism being suitable for all sizes ot' fixed arbors.

This separable connection may comprise a spring pressed holding sleeve 248 sliding over a stud 249, which stud in turn is connected by a length of ipe 250 to the longitudinally adjusting mec ianism 247. The stud Q49, together with a stud 251 fixed in the pipe 244- are provided with a hook joint 252 which is normally covered by the sleeve 248. rlo effect disengagement at the hook joint 252, the spring pressed sleeve 248 is merely withdrawn against the pressure of a spring 253. A centering collar 254 is provided on the pipe 244 in order to hold tubing which may be of considerable length and to prevent any excessive strain on other parts of the mec anism.

While I have shown and described certain preferred embodiments of my invention, it will be understood that I do not desire to limit the scope of my invention except as maybe necessitated by the prior art and as defined in the followin claims.

Having thus described my mvention, what I claim as nevaT and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. The method of transversely severing a metallic tubular member in twain along a line of separation. which consists in sub- ]ecting said member to opposed ooacting 5 non-rotary inner and exterior cutting edges that lie in the plane of separation, and then through the medium of relative revoluble movement between the tubular member and the cutting edges to progressively shear the said member.

2. A machine for shearing a circular tubular member along a circumference of sep aration, which comprises an arbor provided with a cutting edge, means for rendering masso? said arbor accessible in order that a circular tubular member to be sheared may embrace the same, a shear-ring exteriorly of said arbor and adapted to embrace said circular tubular member. said shear-ring being locked against rotary motion. and means for imparting an orbital movement to said shear-ring thereby progressively shearing said tubular member along thc circumference of separation.

3. A machine for .shearing a circular tu bular member along a circumference ot' separation which comprises an arbor provided with a. cutting edge. means .for rendering said arbor accessible in orlcr that a circular tubular member to be shear-cd may embrace the same, a shear-rino exterior ol' said arbor and adapted to embrace said circular tubular mcmhcr. said shear-ring being locked against rotary motion,A and means for imparting a revoluble motion to said sheairing about the said arbor in order that its cutting edge may successively engage the segments of the periphery oi? said tubular member along the circumference of separation to eucct progressive shearing of the tubular member.

4. In a machine for transversely shcargagc said interorly and exteriorly cutting and opposed edges with said tubular nicmber along the same plane of separation to shear said tubular member.

5. In a machine for shearing a circular tube, the `combination with a cuttin element havin a circular cutting edge t at is adapted to mteriorly engage the tube, of a second cutting element locked against rotary motion and having a circular cutting edge juxtaposed to said first cutting edge and adapted to exteriorly-enga e'said tube, and means whereby said secon cutting-element is revolved relative to said tube and said interior cutting element to simultaneously engage the interior and exterior surfaces of the walls thereof along the circumference of separation in order to transversely shear said tube.

6. A machine for shearing tubular members comprising exteriorly and interiorly shearin nelements, means for locking said exterior shearing element against substantially all, angular motion in res ect to the axis of said mterorlgy1 shearing e ement, and

v torv adjusting 'elements eccentrical nesaee'r lmeans for-impartire an orbital movement ing, 'means for rotating said cam housing,

ot cam actuated means slidingiy engaging.

said housing, af' shearing element secured to said camv actuated means, and means permitting said cam actuated means to move transversely Withreference to said housing and precluding said cam actuated means from rotating therewith.

8. in aV` machine tor shearing tubular members, the combination with an interiorly sheari element, and a rotatable cam housing, o`.-cani actuated means slidingly engaging said housing, an exteriorly shearing element secured to said means, and one of seid shearing y ci' the other of said shearing elements.

t?. In a machine for shearingtubular members, the combination with an interior-ly shearing element, and a rotatable cam housing,?of cam actuated means slidingly engaging said housing, an exteriorly shearing ciement secured to said means, and means `tor adjusting said exteriorly shearing ele menteccentrically of said interiorly shearing element.

it). in a machine ltor shearing tubular members, the combination w1th annlteriorly shearing element, and a rotatable cam housing, of cam actuated means adapted to slidingly engage Saiddhousing, an exteriorly shearin0r eiement secured to said means, means or adjusting said exteriorly shearing element eccentrically ot said interiorly shearing element, and means precluding the rotation of said cam actuated means with said housing and permitting said cam actuated means to move transversely relative to the axis of rotation of said housing.

1l. ln a machine for operating upon tubular members, an element for interiorly engaging the tubular members undergoing operation, ya rotatable cam housing, cam actuated means enclosed in and adapted to slidingly engage with said housing., and means 'to adjust said cam actuated means transverselyyof said interiorly engaging element, an element,l secured to the cam actuated means :tor exteriorly engaging the tubular member undergoing operation, means for initially positioning said cam actuated means in said cfxm housing in order to hold said enteriorly engaging element out of contact with the tubular member undergoing operation, but subsequently effecting engagcment between said exteriorly engaging element vand ,the tubular member, and means for holding the cam actuated means against rotation when said cam housing rotates.

l2, A machine for shearing tubular members comprising an interiorly shearing elcment, an exteriorly shearing die member, and means for fixing said die member. against rotation in respect to said interiorly shearing element, said means con'iprising a coupling permitting transverse ymovement of said member in respect to said element.

13. A machine for shearing tubular mem bers comprising an interiorly lshearing eiement, an exteriorly shearing die, a die holder therefor, means for retaining said die holder against rotat'onal movement in respect to the interiori shearing element, said means comprising a support positioned in opposed relation to said die holder and a coupling ring interposed between and keyed respectively to said support and to said die holder along lines substantially at right angles to each other and extending substantially radially from said die, whereby nonrotational movement of said die holder is permitted transversely of the tubular member being sheared.

14. 'A machine for shearing tubular members comprising an interiorly shearing element, an exterior-ly shearing die member, means for fixing said member-against rotation in respect to said interiorly shearing element, said means comprising a coupling permitting transverse movement of said member in respect to said element, and means for imparting an orbltal movement to said die member in respect to said iriterorly shearing element.

l5. A machine for shearing tubular members comprising ang interiorly shearing element, an exteriorly'shearing die, a die holder therefor, means for retaining said die holder against,rotational movement in respect to thev interiorly shearing clement, said means comprising a support positioned in opposed relation to said die holder and a' coupling ring interposed between and keyed respectively to said support and to said die holder along lines substantially at right angles to each other and extending substantially radially from said die, whereby nonrotational movement of said die holder is permittedtransversely of the tubular member being shcared, and means for imparting an orbital movement to said die in respect tol said interiorly shearing element.

16. In a machine of the class described, a die member fixed against rotation, means for imparting an orbital movement Within a lane to said member, said means comprising shoes for embracing said member, said shoes being slidable in a direction parallel to said plane, supporting means for slidably mounting said shoes, and means for rotating said supporting means. f

17. A machine for shearing tubular members comprising exteriorly and interiorly shearing elements that are' initially substantiallv concentric, means for locking said Xmwy smzrngf; ummm; mgam, Whamuly mi zmgulm' mmim in m'fpc Lo hfe, mis' of lmfimly shearing; @immun Hmmm for movin said uxbelorly @hearing emmen@ lo be am nm'c i0 said interimljy sahmnfmg mnom whereby the shearing action img' be initiated, und means for impm'tingg; am fbi-Lm A Si @ming dem tion may be a the wbunai 

